𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐋- 𝐁𝐡𝐮𝐭𝐚𝐧’𝐬 𝐑𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐆𝐍𝐇 𝐭𝐨 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡-𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐆𝐍𝐇 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

The launch of Bhutan’s 13th Five Year Plan (FYP) marks a significant and ambitious milestone in the nation’s journey towards sustainable development and prosperity. The 13th FYP sets the stage for a transformative decade, aiming to elevate Bhutan to the status of a High-Income GNH (Gross National Happiness) Economy by 2034. However, it is crucial to critically examine the implications, challenges, and opportunities presented by the 13th FYP.

Firstly, the strategic vision articulated in the 13th FYP is both ambitious and commendable. Setting a goal to achieve a GDP of USD 10 billion and a GNI per capita of above USD 12,695 by 2034 demonstrates the government’s commitment to economic growth and development. However, the journey to high-income status is fraught with challenges, particularly for a small, landlocked country like Bhutan. The reliance on external funds, the need for technological advancement, and the imperative of creating a sustainable economic model are all formidable hurdles that must be addressed with innovative and effective policies.

The plan’s focus on innovation, sustainability, and inclusiveness aligns well with Bhutan’s unique development philosophy of Gross National Happiness. By aiming to balance economic growth with social well-being and environmental conservation, the 13th FYP promises to uphold the principles that have long distinguished Bhutan’s approach to development. Yet, the critical question remains: can these ideals be translated into tangible outcomes that benefit all Bhutanese citizens?

One of the most pressing issues addressed by the 13th FYP is employment. With a target of creating full employment (97.5%) by 2027 and ensuring that the income of the bottom 40% quadruples by 2030, the plan emphasizes inclusive growth. This is crucial, as unemployment and underemployment remain significant challenges, particularly among the youth. The plan’s emphasis on leveraging new technologies and fostering creativity and innovation offers hope, but it will require substantial investment in education, skills development, and infrastructure.

The 13th FYP also places a strong emphasis on social development, aiming to provide high-quality health, education, and social protection services. The goal to increase the Human Capital Index from 0.475 in 2020 to 0.61 by 2029, and further to 0.71 by 2034, highlights the importance of investing in human capital. Ensuring equitable access to these services across all demographic groups is essential for fostering a productive and healthy society. However, achieving these targets will require overcoming significant logistical and financial challenges, particularly in remote and rural areas.

Security and governance are also critical pillars of the 13th FYP. Strengthening sovereignty, territorial integrity, and resilience to threats is imperative in today’s uncertain global environment. The plan’s emphasis on transforming Bhutan’s governance ecosystem to be more trustworthy and effective is laudable. Transparent, accountable, and efficient governance is fundamental to the successful implementation of the plan’s objectives.

The 13th Five Year Plan presents a visionary roadmap for Bhutan’s future, one that seeks to balance economic growth with social well-being and environmental sustainability. The goals are ambitious, and the challenges are significant. However, with strong leadership, innovative policies, and active participation from all sectors of society, Bhutan can achieve these targets and set an example for the world in sustainable development. As we embark on this transformative journey, it is imperative to remain vigilant, adaptive, and committed to the principles that have long guided our nation’s progress. The road ahead is challenging, but the promise of a prosperous and happy Bhutan makes it a journey worth undertaking.