𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐎𝐍-𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐀 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬

In the rapidly developing world we live in today, the construction industry is at the forefront of innovation, constantly evolving to meet the needs of growing populations and urbanization. One critical area of focus is the choice of construction materials, particularly when considering sustainability, durability, and environmental impact. Historically, timber was the go-to material for many construction projects, especially in regions where it was abundantly available.

However, as structures have grown larger and more complex, the limitations of timber have become more apparent.
In the past, timber was used extensively due to its availability and ease of use. Small-scale structures, which comprised the majority of buildings, could be built almost entirely from converted timbers. Today, however, with the shift towards larger and more complex constructions, it is essential to consider where and how timber is used. The modern construction industry has been blessed with new technologies and materials, such as Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) and Glassfiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC), which can replace timber in nearly every application. These materials not only offer a more aesthetically pleasing appearance but also significantly enhance construction quality and longevity.

Consider, for example, the ongoing construction projects in Paro, like the Dawa Hospitality development at Bonday Paro. Heavy timber frames have been utilized for external woodwork such as “rapsay,” a traditional Bhutanese decorative element. This could have been easily and more effectively replaced with GRC or RCC, which would provide the same visual appeal but with better durability and less environmental impact. Only the railing work in these projects has been done using GRC, a decision that highlights a missed opportunity for more extensive use of modern materials.

The reason for advocating the use of RCC and GRC over timber is clear: cost and longevity. While the initial cost of GRC/RCC may be around 30% higher than timber, this investment pays off in the long run. The lifespan of structures built with RCC/GRC can be more than double that of those constructed with timber. An excellent example of the repercussions of not using these materials is the Mother and Child Care Centre above the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital. Despite the significant investment in this project, timber was chosen over RCC/GRC for the “rebsay,” or traditional balcony work. This decision, made without thorough material quality study, could lead to higher maintenance costs and a shorter building lifespan.

The Royal Government of Bhutan, in its pursuit of Gross National Happiness, emphasizes sustainable development and environmental conservation. The construction industry should align with these national goals by thoroughly studying and planning projects during the feasibility phase. By adopting modern construction materials like RCC and GRC, not only can we save on long-term costs, but we can also protect our environment. This aligns with Bhutan’s commitment to environmental sustainability and can significantly contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.

However, there are instances where timber may still be necessary, either for aesthetic reasons or cultural preservation. In such cases, it is crucial to employ best practices to ensure the timber’s durability and minimize environmental impact. Timber should undergo rigorous treatment processes, not just basic seasoning, but also chemical treatments like creosoting to enhance its longevity. Unfortunately, in Bhutan, these treatment practices are not widely adopted, with only minimal seasoning being the norm.

Reducing the use of timber in construction is vital to prevent deforestation and promote green sustainability. By doing so, we not only protect our forests, which are essential for maintaining the ecological balance, but also contribute to the fight against climate change. Timber, when used unsustainably, can lead to significant environmental degradation, which contradicts Bhutan’s values and goals.

The choice of construction materials should not be made lightly. It requires careful consideration of the environmental, economic, and social impacts. By choosing modern materials such as RCC and GRC, we can ensure that our buildings are not only robust and long-lasting but also align with Bhutan’s commitment to environmental sustainability. Moreover, we can save significant amounts of money and materials in the long run, ensuring that our development is not at the expense of our natural heritage.

In conclusion, the construction industry in Bhutan must embrace modern materials and technologies to align with the nation’s values of sustainability and environmental conservation. By doing so, we can build structures that stand the test of time, save costs, and protect our environment. It is imperative that relevant organizations undertake comprehensive feasibility studies and plan projects with a forward-looking perspective, considering both immediate needs and long-term impacts. This approach will ensure that Bhutan continues to develop in a way that is sustainable, harmonious, and beneficial for all.

Tshering, Thimphu.