𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐎𝐍- 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐄𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞-𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐬

Bhutan’s hydroelectric power is well known for its contribution to national development and export revenue. However, in light of the global push for diversification in renewable energy sources, Bhutan has begun exploring solar power as an alternative. While solar energy is undeniably one of the cleanest and most abundant resources, the manner in which it is harnessed must be carefully planned to avoid unnecessary environmental disruptions, particularly in a country like Bhutan, where conservation and sustainability are core principles.

Recently, Bhutan launched a solar energy project in Sephu, utilizing land traditionally used by yak herders for grazing. This decision raises concerns about land use and the impact on livelihoods. The government’s stated aim to promote yak herding in the future seems contradictory to the choice of location for the solar project. More thoughtful site selection could ensure that solar energy development does not displace traditional practices or disturb ecosystems.

The current project in Sephu exemplifies the need for a more robust Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Grazing land for yaks is critical for both herders and the country’s biodiversity. Instead of occupying such areas, solar panels could be installed on barren, rocky land devoid of vegetation or on slopes that are otherwise unusable. For instance, the rocky, vegetation-free hills along the Paro highway present an ideal alternative. While construction in such areas may be logistically challenging, it can be managed with proper planning and labour-intensive manual work.

Choosing barren or unused land aligns with Bhutan’s environmental ethos and minimizes conflicts with local communities. It also preserves valuable grazing areas for yak herders, ensuring their livelihoods and cultural practices remain intact. This approach would require comprehensive surveys to identify suitable sites across the country, coupled with consultations with affected communities to minimize disruption.

Beyond site selection, maximizing the efficiency of solar panels is crucial. Ideally, solar panels should be installed on south-facing surfaces with slopes of 15 to 40 degrees, which allow for optimal energy generation. However, east- or west-facing installations can also work effectively for significant portions of the day.

Roof-mounted solar panels on homes, government buildings, and schools could be a viable alternative to large-scale land installations. These setups reduce the need for expansive land use and take advantage of existing infrastructure, making them both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Additionally, the age and condition of roofs should be considered.

Solar energy offers numerous benefits, both environmentally and economically. As a renewable resource, it significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, helping to mitigate climate change. This is particularly important for Bhutan, a country deeply committed to environmental conservation and carbon neutrality.

Solar power is also becoming increasingly affordable, making it a practical option for households and businesses. It can reduce energy bills, enhance energy independence, and even increase property values. Moreover, solar systems can provide backup power during grid outages, ensuring energy security in remote areas where grid reliability may be an issue.

For Bhutan, incorporating solar energy into its renewable energy portfolio complements hydropower, especially during the dry winter months when water flow is reduced. This diversification enhances energy stability and reduces reliance on a single source.

To harness solar power without disturbing the environment, Bhutan’s approach must be carefully planned and executed. The Royal Government of Bhutan, in collaboration with the National Environment Commission (NEC) and other stakeholders, should prioritize conducting thorough EIAs before project implementation. Site selection should focus on underutilized, non-vegetated areas to avoid conflicts with traditional land use or ecological systems.

Additionally, involving local communities in decision-making processes is essential. Transparent communication and participatory planning can build trust and ensure that projects benefit all stakeholders. Training programs for local workers could also create employment opportunities and build expertise in renewable energy technology.

The success of solar energy initiatives depends on strong institutional frameworks and policies. The Royal Civil Service Commission (RCSC), as Bhutan’s chief human resource management body, must ensure that capable and dedicated personnel are assigned to renewable energy projects. Expertise in environmental science, engineering, and community engagement is critical for sustainable development.

International partnerships can also play a vital role. Technical and financial assistance from global organizations can help Bhutan adopt advanced solar technologies and best practices. Furthermore, policies promoting rooftop solar installations, tax incentives, and subsidies can encourage widespread adoption.

Solar power represents a golden opportunity for Bhutan to diversify its renewable energy portfolio while staying true to its environmental values. By focusing on thoughtful site selection, community involvement, and efficient implementation, Bhutan can harness solar energy without compromising its pristine landscapes or traditional livelihoods.

In the land of Gross National Happiness, where sustainability and well-being are paramount, renewable energy must be developed judiciously. Solar power, when executed with care and foresight, has the potential to light up Bhutan’s future sustainably, ensuring progress and preservation go hand in hand.

The time to act is now. Bhutan must embrace solar power as a clean, abundant energy source while safeguarding its unique cultural and ecological heritage. With thoughtful planning and execution, this renewable resource can be a shining example of how development and conservation can coexist harmoniously.
By Tshering, Thimphu