𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐧𝐱𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐧

…𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒆𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒔, 𝒖𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔

By Kezang Choden

Recent data underlines a concerning trend in Bhutan as cases of depression and anxiety continue to rise, prompting experts to call for immediate attention and robust solutions. According to mental health professionals, the number of reported cases has steadily increased over the past few decades, indicating a pressing need for comprehensive interventions.

Statistics from 2023 and 2024 reveal significant fluctuations in anxiety and depression cases, with notable increases followed by slight declines and subsequent rises. This trend has sparked discussions on the effectiveness of current support systems and the urgency of implementing proactive measures. In 2023, the number of cases surged to 1977 in January, marking a concerning increase. However, by December, the numbers showed a slight decline, with 1713 reported cases. The beginning of 2024 witnessed a sharp drop to 1504 cases in January, suggesting a potential positive trend. However, this optimism was short- lived as the numbers steadily rose, reaching 1889 cases by April.

According to Dr. Damber K. Nirola, Psychiatrist, it has become evident that the stigma surrounding mental health issues continues to be a significant barrier for individuals seeking helps. Many suffer in silence, afraid of judgment or misunderstanding from their peers and loved ones. The main sign and symptoms of depression and anxiety are changes in appetite or weight, lack of energy, emptiness, feeling tearful, loss of interest, feeling hopeless, no self-confidence, low self-esteem, insomnia or hypersomnia, no motivation, irritability, impatience, inability to relax and restlessness. The impact of untreated depression and anxiety far beyond the individuals, affecting relationships, productivity, and overall societal well-being. However, addressing the root causes of this growing mental health crisis requires a collective effort from all sectors.

In a bid to address the growing need for mental health services, the government has unveiled plans to construct The Pema Center near new MCH hospital. This initiative marks a significant step forward in prioritizing mental care and ensuring accessibility for all citizens at any time. He said, “We will provide comprehensive psychiatric services, including inpatient care, therapy sessions, outpatient programs and specialized treatment options. With a focus on patient- centric care, the hospital aims to enhance the well- being and recovery of individuals facing mental health challenges.”

A counselor at the College of Natural Resources (CNR), Dorji, is calling for expanded counseling and mental health support programs in schools and colleges. These programs, Dorji argues, are essential to equip students with the tools they need to navigate challenges and achieve academic, personal, and emotional well-being.

Dorji emphasizes that education is highlighted as crucial in reducing stigma and fostering a more compassionate environment. By understanding symptoms, causes, and treatment options for depression and anxiety, students can develop a better understanding of mental health.

The importance of tutors in promoting mental health within the classroom is emphasized. Collaboration between student services, counseling centers, and tutors is encouraged to integrate mental health techniques and strategies into teaching. This could involve implementing rules that prioritize breaks and mindfulness activities, allowing students opportunities to recharge. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) curriculum and activities that equip students with essential social and emotional skills, alongside direct instruction on stress management, anxiety reduction, and seeking help, are also highlighted as valuable tools.

Dorji acknowledges that despite the availability of counseling centers, many students hesitate to seek help initially. Students often approach the center for issues like relationship problems, academic struggles, financial difficulties, or concerns about hostel facilities. Dorji emphasizes the need to create a welcoming environment that addresses these concerns while also encouraging students to openly discuss mental health challenges.

A Bhutanese counselor is urging schools and universities to play a more active role in supporting students struggling with depression and anxiety.
Jamyang, a counselor at Gedu College of Business Studies, believes institutions can significantly improve student well-being by offering accessible mental health resources and fostering a supportive environment.

“Schools and universities can make a real difference by providing counseling services, support groups, and workshops on mental health. Creating a climate where students feel comfortable seeking help is crucial,” Jamyang said.
Jamyang stressed the importance of mental health education. “Integrating lessons on depression, anxiety, and available resources into the curriculum can break down stigma and encourage students to seek help,” he explained.

“Open discussions and fostering empathy can go a long way in creating a more understanding community. Platforms for students to share their experiences can humanize mental health issues and promote acceptance,” he added.
Jamyang, in his presentation, outlined several strategies that educators can implement within their classrooms to promote mental health among students.

Firstly, he highlighted the importance of creating a supportive environment. Educators should strive to cultivate a safe and respectful classroom atmosphere that encourages open communication and active listening. This approach helps students feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and emotions, fostering a sense of belonging and trust.

Secondly, Jamyang highlighted the significance of stress management techniques. Educators can integrate relaxation techniques, mindfulness exercises, and stress-reduction strategies into their teaching practices. These tools can help students learn effective ways to cope with academic pressures, personal challenges, and everyday stressors.

Thirdly, he recommended incorporating mental health education into the curriculum. This includes lessons about common mental health disorders, coping mechanisms, and the importance of seeking professional help when needed. By providing students with knowledge and resources, educators empower them to understand and address their mental well-being proactively.

Additionally, Jamyang suggested implementing peer support networks or buddy systems within schools. These initiatives allow students to connect with their peers and provide emotional support to one another. Peer support can be a valuable resource, especially for students who may feel more comfortable discussing their feelings with friends.
Jamyang also encourages collaboration between educators and mental health professionals. Working with school counselors, psychologists, or other experts in the field can help develop comprehensive initiatives and interventions tailored to students’ needs. This collaborative approach ensures that students receive the necessary support and resources to thrive academically and emotionally.

By implementing these recommendations, schools and universities can equip students with the knowledge and resources they need to navigate mental health challenges and create a more supportive learning environment for all.
A growing concern for student mental health is prompting calls for increased support within Bhutan’s educational system. Pema Lhatsho, a counselor at Paro College of Education, highlights anxiety and depression as prevalent issues affecting youth worldwide, with Bhutan being no exception.

Lhatsho said, “Research shows these conditions often begin manifesting between the ages of 11 and 14.” Emphasizing the crucial role teachers play in identifying and supporting students.

Royal University of Bhutan has addressed this concern by establishing Happiness and Wellbeing Centres across all nine colleges. These centers provide digital platforms for student support, offering services like mindfulness training, individual and group counseling, and skill development programs.

Lhatsho emphasizes the need for mental health literacy training specifically designed for teachers. “Equipping them with this knowledge empowers them to support not only their students but also themselves and the wider community,” he explained.

A systematic approach within schools and universities is seen as vital. Lhatsho proposes clear roles for teachers and staff, established referral processes, and ongoing professional development focused on mental health. Additionally, universal screenings and preventive programs are recommended to proactively support student well-being.

Parental involvement is also crucial. “Studies suggest low in-person interaction combined with high social media use can negatively impact mental health,” Lhatsho said. “Educating parents about digital communication and fostering strong social support networks for students is vital.”

Positive developments are emerging. Lhatsho observes first-year students at his college becoming more open about mental health challenges and supporting one another.

“Schools and universities must prioritize mental health awareness campaigns and educational programs to combat the stigma surrounding these issues,” Lhatsho urged.

The presence of school counselors is a significant advantage. However, for schools lacking such resources, Lhatsho emphasizes the importance of creating positive learning environments. “Safe spaces that nurture positive relationships and inclusivity are key,” he said. “Social-emotional education should be integrated into the curriculum to equip students with essential coping mechanisms.”

A school counselor in Drukjegang Higher Secondary School emphasizes the crucial role parents play in supporting students’ mental health, particularly when dealing with anxiety and depression. The counselor acknowledges the limitations of schools acting alone. “Without a supportive home environment and a student’s willingness to seek help, the school’s efforts can be significantly hindered,” he explained.

Tsangkha school counselor Kinley Dem outlined steps plan to address mental health issues among students. The recommendations include raising awareness through workshops and promoting supportive environments. Schools should establish counseling services and train faculty to identify signs of depression and anxiety. Collaboration with mental health professionals and creating peer support programs are also crucial. Encouragingly, Bhutan’s Royal University has already addressed this concern by establishing Happiness and Wellbeing Centres across all nine colleges.

Dem also emphasized the role of education in reducing stigma. Schools can integrate mental health education into the curriculum and dispel myths surrounding depression and anxiety. By promoting open dialogue and early intervention, schools can create a more compassionate and supportive environment for students.

Finally, Dem offered classroom strategies for teachers. Creating a positive and inclusive environment, teaching mindfulness, and encouraging physical activity are all ways to promote mental health and well-being in the classroom. Collaborating with mental health professionals and using technology can further empower teachers to support their students.

Overall, the increasing focus on mental health issues in Bhutan highlights the need for collective action, involving government initiatives, educational reforms, and community support systems to ensure the well-being of individuals facing mental health challenges.