𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐨 𝐂𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐟-𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

…𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒔𝒕 𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔

By Kinzang Thinley & Pema Chezom

In recent years, Bhutan, a nation known for its deeply rooted cultural and conservative values, has witnessed a shift in attitudes towards tattoos. Formerly uncommon and stigmatized, tattoos are now embraced by an increasing number of Bhutanese youth as forms of self-expression and art. This change is attributed to global trends, the emergence of skilled local tattoo artists, and evolving societal perspectives.

Tattoo parlors are springing up in cities such as Thimphu and Paro, offering a wide range of styles from traditional motifs to contemporary designs. The increasing prevalence of social media platforms has accelerated this trend by exposing Bhutanese youth to tattoo cultures from around the world and inspiring them to adopt and adapt these influences into their own.

The rise of local tattoo artists has significantly contributed to the increased popularity of tattoos in Bhutan. These artists often incorporate traditional Bhutanese symbols, such as dragons, mandalas, and religious iconography, into modern tattoo techniques, creating a distinct art form that appeals to the younger generation. This fusion allows them to express their heritage in a modern context.

When asked about the increasing popularity of tattoos in Bhutan, Tashi, a 26-year-old tattoo artist from Thimphu, shared his perspective. “Even though Bhutan is a country where culture and society are quite conservative, and having a tattoo is uncommon and carries a social stigma, there has been a noticeable shift in recent years as more young people embrace tattoos as a form of self-expression and art.”

He attributed this trend to several factors, including global trends and the emergence of skilled local tattoo artists who blend traditional Bhutanese motifs with contemporary styles. “For many, tattoos are a way to express individuality, commemorate significant life events, or convey personal beliefs and values.”

Tashi noted a changing perspective among Bhutanese towards tattoos, with increasing acceptance and appreciation for the art form. “Nowadays, I think there is a gradual shift in societal attitudes towards tattoos, with increasing acceptance and appreciation for the art form. During my time, we rarely saw females with tattoos, but now on social media like Facebook, it has become common to see girls with tattoos on their body. It’s a sign that tattoos have grown in influence in Bhutan, and people are accepting it.”

Kinley Wangchuk, a 31-year-old tattoo artist in Thimphu, explained that their tattoos are about storytelling as well as art. “Each design is meaningful, with a connection to our culture and personal experiences. This is why so many young people gravitate towards it.”
Regarding traditional Bhutanese tattoo designs gaining popularity, Tashi said, “In Bhutan, traditional tattoo designs like Dorji (Vajra), representing indestructibility and purity, Lotus symbolizing purity and spiritual growth, and Dragon representing power and protection are becoming popular. Additionally, Western tattoo designs such as minimalist tattoos, floral tattoos, and abstract tattoos are in high demand.”

He concluded by stating, “The fusion of traditional Bhutanese motifs with contemporary Western styles in tattoos reflects the evolving cultural landscape of our country.”
Bikash, a local tattoo artist from Wangdue Phodrang, shared his insights on the challenges he faces and how he overcomes them. As a tattoo artist, he explained, “I often encounter clients with unique and challenging requests that push the boundaries of my artistic skills. Whether it’s a highly detailed design or a style that’s different from what I typically work with, I approach these requests with careful planning and creativity. I strive to understand the client’s vision thoroughly, collaborating closely with them to ensure we achieve a design that meets their expectations while also aligning with my artistic capabilities.”

Bikash further added, “Managing client expectations is a crucial aspect of my work as a tattoo artist. It involves clear communication right from the initial consultation to ensure that we are on the same page regarding design concepts, placement, and realistic timelines. Sometimes, clients may request changes or adjustments during the process, which requires flexibility and a collaborative approach. By setting realistic expectations and maintaining open communication throughout the tattooing journey, I aim to ensure a positive experience for every client.”

Tattoo artists in the country are at the forefront of this cultural shift. They not only create art but also serve as cultural mediators who navigate the delicate balance between tradition and modernity.
Tashi Norbu, a 27-year-old tattoo artist from Paro, incorporates traditional Bhutanese symbols into his designs. “Through my art, I hope to preserve our heritage,” he states. “I can make tattoos that appeal to the younger generation while still connecting with our culture by using traditional motifs.”

Drawings of dragons, mandalas, and other religious symbols abound in Norbu’s studio. He thinks that a tattoo can serve as a link between the past and the present. “Getting a tattoo does not always mean disliking our culture. They could turn it into a reason to rejoice. Incorporating customary tales and symbols into our designs allows us to preserve our heritage while appealing to a younger audience.”

Despite the enthusiasm among youth and artists, many in Bhutanese society remain wary of tattoos. The country’s cultural and religious fabric is woven with beliefs that value bodily purity and the sanctity of the human form. Tattoos, which many regard as a form of body desecration, contradict these deeply held beliefs.
Karma Tshering, a 55-year-old monk from a monastery in Thimphu, expresses his concerns, “Our bodies are temples. It is disrespectful to permanently mark them with a tattoo. Buddhism teaches us to maintain physical and mental purity, and tattoos are seen as impure.”

Tshering’s viewpoint is shared by many older Bhutanese who see tattoos as a threat to traditional values. The generational gap is stark, with younger people increasingly viewing tattoos as a form of self-expression and identity, while older generations hold more conservative views.
The conflict between the growing popularity of tattoos and their stigmatization reflects a larger struggle in Bhutanese society to reconcile tradition and modernity. As the country continues to open up to the outside world, it must balance the preservation of its rich cultural heritage with the acceptance of new forms of expression.

Tashi Wangmo, a 28-year-old civil servant, states, “Bhutan is at a crossroads. The younger generation is eager to explore and incorporate new cultural practices, but it is critical that they do so in a way that respects and preserves our traditional values. Tattoos, when done thoughtfully, can help to bridge this gap.”
Tshering Yangdon, a 28-year-old mother from Thimphu, remarked, “For me, the word ‘tattoo’ signifies something that could potentially harm your body and appear characterless. I choose not to get tattoos because I believe they contain many chemicals that could adversely affect my health.”

She said, “Yes, tattoos certainly influence how people are perceived socially and professionally. In social settings, despite someone having a good character, judgments can be made based on their tattoos, assuming they lack manners. In countries like Bhutan, despite high levels of education, individuals with tattoos may face disqualification.”
She further added, “While some people view tattoos positively as enhancing their appearance, I personally dislike tattoos entirely. Even if a person is kind-hearted, I tend to form negative opinions about them upon seeing their tattoos, associating them with bad character.”

However, Sonam Wangchuk, a 43-year-old teacher, suggests, “Education is key. We need to have open conversations about the significance of tattoos and their cultural relevance. By understanding each other’s perspectives, we can foster greater acceptance.”

Some tattoo enthusiasts argue that tattoos can serve as a link between the old and the new. By incorporating traditional Bhutanese symbols into their designs, tattoo artists can help preserve cultural heritage in the modern era. This approach enables young people to respect their heritage while expressing their individuality.

Sonam Zangmo, a 29-year-old office worker, shares her story, “I got a small lotus tattoo on my ankle to symbolize purity and enlightenment. However, my colleagues treat me differently now. Some even avoid me, thinking I am rebellious or untrustworthy.”

Zangmo’s experience highlights the social consequences of getting a tattoo in Bhutan. People with visible tattoos often face judgment from their communities and families. This social stigma can lead to feelings of isolation and rejection.
Jigme Wangchuk, a 23-year-old student, describes the tension within his family, “My father is very traditional and believes tattoos are a sign of disrespect. When he saw my tattoo, he was furious and threatened to disown me. It took months for him to speak to me again.”

Tenzin, a 26-year-old from Dagana, explained, “Getting a tattoo was a way for me to reclaim ownership of my body after a challenging period in my life. The design I chose symbolizes resilience and the strength to overcome obstacles.”
Tshering Dorji, a 25-year-old with a sleeve tattoo, shares his journey, “When I first got my tattoo, my parents were extremely upset. They believed I was rejecting our cultural values. Even now, I am having trouble finding work because employers are hesitant to hire someone with tattoos.”

Dorji’s experience is echoed by many young Bhutanese who face discrimination in the workplace. Employers often regard tattoos as unprofessional or rebellious, which has caused some people to hide their tattoos or avoid getting them in visible places. The societal pressure to conform to traditional norms is immense, and those who step outside these boundaries frequently encounter resistance.

Phuntsho Choden, a 22-year-old undergraduate, reflects on her struggles, “I first got a tattoo on my wrist. I was very interested in the artwork itself and enjoyed the whole process. My mother believes I am rebellious and a good-for-nothing child.”
Similarly, Tsheten, a 24-year-old man from Thimphu, shared his reasons for getting a tattoo, stating, “I decided to get a tattoo because it represents a turning point in my life. It’s a symbol of overcoming a personal challenge and embracing change.”

He said, “I’ve experienced judgment from some individuals who view tattoos as unprofessional or inappropriate. However, among my friends and peers, tattoos are seen as a form of self-expression and art.” He also noted, “There’s a noticeable shift happening. Younger generations are more open to tattoos as a means of expressing identity and creativity. With exposure to global cultures and evolving societal norms, tattoos are gradually becoming more accepted.”

When asked about concerns regarding health risks associated with tattoos, Tattoo artist Tashi reassured, “Health and safety were non-negotiable for me. I made sure to research extensively and chose a tattoo artist known for their impeccable hygiene standards and use of high-quality ink.”

Bikash, a tattoo artist, emphasized, “Maintaining impeccable safety and hygiene standards in my studio is non-negotiable. I adhere strictly to health regulations, ensuring that all equipment is sterilized, disposable materials are used properly, and the workspace is kept clean at all times. These standards not only safeguard my clients’ health but also uphold the reputation of my studio. It requires diligence and constant attention to detail, but it’s essential for creating a safe and comfortable environment for everyone.”

Namgay, a tattoo artist in Thimphu, offered insights into the earnings potential and industry trends among his peers. He said, “Our income as tattoo artists can vary significantly based on factors such as experience, reputation, and the complexity of the tattoos we create,” he noted. “Bhutanese perceptions of tattoos are evolving—they’re now viewed as personal expressions of art, not just cultural symbols. This shift has broadened our client base and enabled us to explore more intricate designs, which can have a positive impact on our earnings.”

Reflecting on recent changes in the industry, Namgay remarked, “There’s been a noticeable increase in demand for tattoos as a form of self-expression in Bhutanese society. This trend has created more opportunities for artists to showcase their skills and cater to diverse clientele.”
He added, “Advancements in tattoo techniques have also allowed us to produce more detailed and aesthetically pleasing designs, which clients are increasingly willing to invest in. Adapting to these evolving trends and maintaining high standards are crucial for achieving financial success in our profession.”

The growth of the tattoo industry in Bhutan also necessitates the establishment of legal and regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and professionalism. Proper licensing, health regulations, and training for tattoo artists can help legitimize the industry and protect both artists and clients.
Sangay Dorji, a male nurse in Thimphu, emphasizes the importance of regulation, “Tattooing involves needles and ink, which can pose health risks if not done properly. We need to establish guidelines to ensure that tattoo parlors maintain high standards of hygiene and safety.”

While the path to widespread acceptance of tattoos in Bhutan may be gradual, there are signs of changing attitudes. As more young people choose to get tattoos and openly share their experiences, societal perceptions may slowly evolve. The road to acceptance is not without its challenges, but through dialogue, education, and regulation, Bhutan can find a way to harmonize tradition with modernity. In doing so, the country can create a more inclusive society that respects and celebrates individual expression while preserving its rich culture.